Nubu – Nuclear Bangor University

Nuclear Medicine Research

Nuclear medicine research at the Nuclear Futures Institute focuses on advancing the use of radiation and imaging technologies to improve healthcare outcomes. The work supports the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, improved imaging methods, and safer, more effective use of radioactive materials in medicine. 

Our latest reasearch projects

EDF- For Exchange Material Stability

Principle Investigator:  Dr Mark Ogden

Sponsor: EDF

Researcher: Carl Atkinson

DBD International Project: "Phase 2 BU Lab Trials

Principle Investigator:  Dr Mark Ogden

Sponsor: DBD limited

Researcher: David Williams 

A Molten Salt Community Framework for Predictive Modelling of Critical Characteristics

Principle Investigator:  Dr Mark Ogden

Sponsor: EPSRC

EDF Energy has a requirement to obtain an in depth understanding of the performance characteristics of ion exchange resin and how these characteristics change when subjected to degradation mechanisms ither singularly or in combination. The objective is to remove some of the uncertainty in current models. The factors that influence degradation when working in combination are likely to be different to single mechanisms and these ‘combination’ effects are little understood. Since degradation shortens the expected life of resin either by reducing their capacity for impurity removal, modifying the selectivity of the resin for particular ions or the release of degradation products can result in increased costs and operational challenges for those that are regenerated. A key question is how do a range of ion exchange resins using industrial applications degrade from a mechanical, chemical, thermal and radiolytic perspective and in particular how and why does the rate or nature of degradation change if one degradation mechanism is influenced by that of another.

This research has focused on producing fundamental data for DBD International for the development of their solvent extraction process flow sheet model. Solvent extraction is the distribution of a solute between two immiscible liquid phases and is a well-established workhorse for product purification. The process is similar to PUREX in the deployment of solvent extraction using the extractant tributyl phosphate (TBP) in the organic diluent odourless kerosene (OK) to extract uranium from nitric acid solutions. Experiments are being conducted to Nuclear Futures Institute Report 2024-2025 30 determine uranium extraction behaviour into TBP/OK in the presence of co-contaminants and TBP degradation products.

This US/UK collaborative research aims to develop a computational framework by implementing advanced thermodynamic models to systematically explore critical molten salt characteristics, addressing a critical global knowledge gap in molten salts relevant to future fast nuclear reactors and advanced future nuclear fuel cycles. The research is not only directly relevant to the US NEUP Call Work scope FC-1.2, but also to the corresponding UK EPSRC Call and the wider UK civil nuclear programme. This project will provide open source, high throughput computational approaches and tools, and underpinning datasets, to model and design advanced molten salts.

Modelling Novel Radionuclides-emission DNA Interactions to Optimise Molecular Radiotherapy

Principle Investigator: Dr Tim Smith

Sponsor: Draper’s Company Scholarship and the ESPRC’s Nuclear Energy Futures CDT

Researcher: Conor Buchanan

Cancer Plasma Cell Membrane (PCM) Target Discovery for MRT

Principle Investigator:  Dr Tim Smith

Sponsor: Saudi-Arabian Culture Bureau

Researcher: Ammar Sharif & Faris Alanazi

'NSIP' Fuel Development

Principle Investigator:  Prof Simon Middleburgh

Sponsor: Rolls Royce plc

Researcher: Dr Phylis Makurunje & Dr Ritesh Mohun

One of the major limitations of radionuclide therapy (MRT) is inhomogeneous dose distribution across tumours due to poor blood flow and heterogeneous target (usually receptors) distribution on cancer cells. Modelling DNA damage from individual and combinations of radionuclides can be used to identify radionuclides to optimise dose-distribution. There are hundreds of different radionuclides of which it is estimated there are about 70 suitable for MRT based on their decay pathways, half-lives (between hours and several days) and emission energies. These are being modelled using packages such as GEANT4-DNA. (1) Modelling DNA-interaction of selected radionuclides will identify combinations that improve dose distribution in cancers. GEANT4-DNA to model DNA damage from different Auger-emitting radionuclides will assist in choosing ideal radionuclides for targeting individual hypoxic cancer cells which are highly treatment resistant.

Proteomic techniques which identify drug targets for cancer treatment have proven effective for drug repurposing. A comprehensive database of PCM proteins unique to hypoxic cells presents an excellent opportunity for drug development. Two PhD students at the University of Manchester under the supervision of Tim Smith are working on the discovery of membrane proteins on bladder and cervical cancer cells. Plasma cell membrane (PCM) specific proteins are captured by reaction of proteins on intact bladder or cervical cancer cells exposed to hypoxia with an amine-specific reagent, N-hydroxy succinamide, linked to biotin and identified through mass spectrometric analysis. This work is taking forward proteins validated to be highly and consistently expressed by hypoxic bladder and cervical

Controlling and verifying the homogeneity and distribution of fissile material within fuel is essential. Additive manufacturing methods offer the potential for local control of this distribution within a fuel pellet or compact. In addition, typical means to assess homogeneity may be a destructive sample-based inspection, or through limited non-destructive methods. Rolls-Royce are supporting research in this area through this project which is targeted at space reactor applications.

Lithium Isotope Microorganism Enrichment

Principle Investigator:  Prof Simon Middleburgh & Prof Michael Rushton

Sponsor: UKAEA

Researcher: India Marshall 

UK-Indian Nuclear Network 'UKINN'

Principle Investigator:  Prof Simon Middleburgh

Sponsor: EPSRC

Simulation of the Evolution of Physical Properties of Plutonium Oxide Powders through Ageing

Principle Investigator:  Prof Simon Middleburgh

Sponsor: AWE plc

Researcher: Moli Smith

Lithium isotope enrichment has been identified as a key area of interest for the UK’s fusion community. Without UK-based expertise and domestic supply chain, the full potential of commercial nuclear fusion will not be realised. Additionally other sectors have identified isotopically enriched Li supply chains to be on their critical paths, meaning there is considerable demand for Li isotopes. Traditional enrichment technologies rely on high energy, often hazardous methods (e.g. centrifuge or the use of mercury to extract Li). The potential for isotopic enrichment using low-energy techniques taking advantage of biological processes has not been fully grasped, and this project is demonstrating a commercially scalable method to reliably enrich Li through such means. This process will provide the basis for a low energy, biologically based route for lithium enrichment for nuclear fusion applications. This offers the prospect for a method that is cleaner and cheaper to operate than current Li enrichment methods, both avoiding problematic elements such as mercury and the high energy input required by centrifuges.

Both India and the UK have a long history with nuclear power, following different paths, but still facing similar challenges. As part of helping address these challenges, the UK and India initiated a nuclear collaboration, which since 2010 has funded 26 projects to great success. This network, led by the NFI uses seed funding for initiation of new collaborations, widening participation, funding joint workshops, secondments, and knowledge exchange between participants.

Through the use of multi-scale modelling techniques and combining with targeted experimental analysis, the project is developing new forensics signatures to predict the provenance and environmental exposures of plutonium oxide. Atomic scale simulation techniques targeting understanding the temperature dependent properties of PuO2 and its surface properties are being targeted, then understanding how these impact growth and crystallite morphology. Surrogate UO2 will be used to experimentally determine the quality of the models within BUFFF.

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